Fairly Quiet

A gentleman is returning home after a lengthy trip, and is met by his servant at the station. This is the conversation that they have on their way to his home:
"So, has anything happened while I've been away?"
"No, sir, I can't think of anything at all worth mentioning."
"Come now, I've been away for weeks. Surely something must have happened in all that time."
"Well, sir, come to think of it, your dog died."
"My *dog* died? How awful! Still, he was getting on in years, and I suppose it had to happen some time. How did he die?"
"The vet said it was probably from eating the rotten meat."
"The rotten meat? Since when do we leave rotten meat lying around for the dog to eat?"
"Well, it was the horses, sir. They'd been rotting for some time after the barn burned down."
"Good heavens. How in the world did the barn burn down?"
"It must have been some embers that blew over from the house, sir."
"The *house*? The house burnt down too? How did the house burn down?"
"Well, sir, we think someone must have knocked over a candle."
"Oh. ... Wait a moment - we don't use candles anymore to light the house! What were the candles doing there?"
"They were there for the wake, sir."
"The wake?!? Whose wake?"
"Your mother's, sir. She passed away quite suddenly."
"Oh my Lord. Mother is dead. The house is gone, along with the stable. Even my dog is dead. What did Mother die of?"
"It must have been the shock, sir."
"The shock."
"Yes, sir, the shock. When your wife ran off with the handyman the day after you left, sir. But aside from all that, it's been fairly quiet while you've been away, sir."

Nokia နဲ႔မိုဘိုင္းဖုန္းေစ်းကြက္ ယွဥ္ျပိဳင္မႈ

ေမာင္ပုဆိုးၾကမ္း

ယခုအခါ လူေပါင္းသန္း ၉၀၀ ေလာက္ဟာ ေန႔စဥ္Nokia ဖုန္းေတြနဲ႔ စကားေျပာေနၾကပါတယ္။ လာမယ့္လအနည္းငယ္အတြင္းမွာပဲ လူေပါင္းတစ္ဘီလိီယံအထိ အသုံးျပဳလာႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ မိုဘိုိင္းဖုန္းဝယ္ယူသူအေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားဟာ Nokia ကိုပဲ ေရြးခ်ယ္ျပီး ဝယ္ယူလာၾကတာကို ေတြ႔ရပါတယ္။ ၂၀၀၇ ခုႏွစ္အတြင္း Nokia ဖုန္းသန္းေပါင္း ၄၃၀ ေရာင္းခ်ခဲ့ရပါတယ္။ အဲဒီအေရအတြက္ဟာ Motorola, Samsung နဲ႔ Sony Ericsson ကုမ္ပဏီသုံးခုက ေရာင္းခ်ခဲ့တဲ့ မိုဘိုင္ဖုန္းေပါင္းပိုပါတယ္။ ၂၀၀၇ ခုႏွစ္အတြင္း Nokia ရဲ႕ဝင္ေငြဟာ ၃၀ ရာခိုင္ႏႈန္းျမင့္တက္လာျပီး အေမရိကန္ေဒၚလာ ၇၆ ဘီလီယံအထိ ရရွိိခဲ့ပါတယ္။ အျမတ္ေငြဟာလဲ ၂၅ ရာခိုင္ႏႈန္းတိုးျမင့္တက္လာျပီး အေမရိကန္ေဒၚလာ၇.၈ ဘီလိီယံရရွိခဲ့ပါတယ္။ Nokia ဖုန္းေတြရဲ႕ အေရာင္းဟာ တရုတ္၊ အေရွ႔ေတာင္အာရွနဲ႔ အိႏိၵယႏုိင္ငံေတြလို ေစ်းကြက္လ်က္ျမန္ၾကီးထြားလာေနတဲ့ ႏုိင္ငံေတြမွာ နံပါတ္တစ္ေနရာမွာ ရွိေနပါတယ္။ လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့ငါးႏွစ္ခန္႔က ေျမာက္အေမရိကေစ်းကြက္မွာ မိုဘိုင္ဖုန္းသုံးလုံးေရာင္းရရင္ တစ္လုံးဟာ Nokia ဖုန္းျဖစ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ ယခုအခါ ဆယ္လုံးေရာင္းရရင္ Nokia က တစ္လုံးပဲရွိေတာ့တယ္။ အေမရိကန္ေစ်းကြက္မွာဆိုရင္ ၂၀၀၂ တုန္းက Nokia ဖုန္းေတြဟာ ေစ်းကြက္ေဝစု ၃၃ ရာခိုင္ႏႈန္းေက်ာ္ရွိခဲ့ေပမယ့္ ယခုအခါဆယ္ရာခိုင္ႏႈန္းပဲရွိေတာ့တယ္။ ဒီလိုေစ်းကြက္ေဝစုက်ဆင္းလာရတဲ့ အေၾကာင္းရင္းကေတာ့ အေမရိကန္ဆက္သြယ္ေရးလုပ္ငန္းဟာ မိမိလုပ္ငန္းအတြက္လိုအပ္တဲ့ဖုန္းေတြကို အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးစည္းကမ္းခ်က္ေတြ သတ္မွတ္ျပီးဝယ္ေလ့ရွိတဲ့အတြက္ေၾကာင့္ပဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ေျမာက္အေမရိကမွာ တစ္ႏွစ္ကို ဖုန္းသန္းေပါင္း ၁၆၀ ေလာက္ဝယ္ယူအသုံးျပဳေနတဲ့အတြက္ အၾကမ္းအားျဖင့္ တရုတ္ႏုိင္ငံက ဝယ္ယူမႈႏႈန္းနဲ႔ညီမွ်ပါတယ္။ အကယ္၍ Nokia အေနနဲ႔ တျခားကမၻာ့ႏုိင္ငံေတြမွာ ရရွိထားတဲ့ ေစ်းကြက္ေဝစုအတိုင္း အေမရိကန္မွာ ျပန္ရရွိေအာင္ လုပ္ေဆာင္ႏုိင္ရင္ ဝင္ေငြဟာ ယခုထက္ အေမရိကန္ေဒၚလာ ငါးဘီလီယံပိုမိုရရွိလာႏုိင္ပါတယ္။

ဥေရာပနဲ႔ အာရွႏုိင္ငံကလူေတြဟာ သူတို႔ၾကိဳက္ႏွစ္သက္တဲ့ မိုဘိုင္းဖုန္းအိမ္ Handset ေတြကို ေရြးခ်ယ္ဝယ္ျပီးေနာက္မွ ဆက္သြယ္ေရးလုပ္ငန္းတစ္ခုခုနဲ႔ ခ်ိတ္ဆက္အသုံးျပဳတတ္ၾကပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ အေမရိကန္မွအပ ကမၻာ့အႏွ႔ံအျပားမွာ Nokia ဟာ မိမိထုတ္လုပ္တဲ့ မိုဘုိင္းဖုန္းထက္ဝက္ေလာက္ကို လက္လီအေရာင္းဆိုင္ေတြမွာတင္ျပီး ေရာင္းခ်ပါတယ္။ တရုတ္ႏုိင္ငံမွာဆိုရင္ Nokia ဖုန္းကို ေရာင္းခ်တဲ့ ပ်မ္းမွ်ေစ်းႏႈန္းဟာ အေမရိကန္မွာထက္နည္းပါတယ္။ ယခုအခါ Nokia ရ႕႔ဲ CEO ျဖစ္သူ Kallasvuo ဟာ အေမရိကန္ေစ်းကြက္မွာ မိ္မိဖုန္းေတြကို ေဝစုပိုမိုရရွိလာေအာင္ၾကိဳးပမ္းလာတာကို ေတြ႔ရပါတယ္။ လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့ႏွစ္အတြင္း Nokia ကုမ္ပဏီဟာ အေမရိကန္ဆက္သြယ္ေရးလုပ္ငန္းၾကီးျဖစ္တဲ့ AT & T အတြက္ မိုဘိုင္းဖုန္းေတြကို ထုတ္လုပ္ေပးဖို႔ ဆန္ဒီေယဂုိမွာ အင္ဂ်င္နီယာဌာနၾကီးတစ္ခု ဖြင့္လွစ္ျပီးလုပ္ကိုင္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ AT & T နဲ႔ပူးေပါင္းျပီး Nokia ၆၅၅၅ မိုဘိုင္ဖုန္းအသစ္တစ္မ်ိဳးကို ထုတ္လုပ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ AT & T ကုမ္ပဏီရဲ႕ ျမန္ႏႈန္းျမင့္ဆက္သြယ္ေရးကြန္ယက္နဲ႔ အံဝင္ခြင္က်ျဖစ္တဲ့ ဒီဇိုင္းကိုေရးဆဲြထုတ္လုပ္ထားပါတယ္။ တစ္လုံးကို အေမရိကန္ေဒၚလာ ၄၉ ေဒၚလာနဲ႔ ေရာင္းခ်ႏုိင္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ AT & T ဒုတိယဥကၠဌျဖစ္သူ စတီဗင္မက္ေဂါက Nokia ဟာ ကမၻာ့အဆင့္အတန္းမီတဲ့ဖုန္းေတြကို ထုတ္လုပ္ႏုိင္ျပီး အဲဒီဖုန္းေတြကိုလဲ ကမၻာအႏွ႔ံျဖန္႔ျဖဴးေရာင္းခ်ႏိုင္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ Nokia ၆၅၅၅ တစ္လုံးကို အေမရိကန္ေဒၚလာ ၄၉ ေဒၚလာေရာင္းခ်ႏုိင္တာဟာ Nokia ရဲ႕ အေရာင္းျမွင့္တင္ေရးအစီအစဥ္နဲ႔ ေၾကာ္ျငာကရတဲ့ ေဒၚလာေငြေတြေၾကာင့္ပဲျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အဲဒီဖုန္းေတြဟာ AT & T ကုမ္ပဏီ အတြက္ ၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္မွာ ဝင္ေငြအေျမာက္အမ်ားရရွိေအာင္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ေပးမယ့္ ဖုန္းေတြျဖစ္လာႏုိင္တယ္လို႔ ေျပာပါတယ္။ လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့ႏွစ္စမွာ Verizon ဆက္သြယ္ေရးကုမ္ပဏီနဲ႔ ဖက္စပ္ျပီး CDMA နည္းပညာအေပၚအေျခခံတဲ့ မိုဘိုင္းဖုန္းေတြထုတ္လုပ္ဖို႔ သေဘာတူစာခ်ဳပ္ခ်ဳပ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ Nokia-Verizo ဖုန္းေတြဟာ ၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္အတြင္း ထြက္ေပၚလာစရာရွိပါတယ္။ လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့ႏွစ္ထဲမွာပဲ Nokia ဟာ ကယ္လီဖိုးနီးယားျပည္နယ္ ပိုလိုေအာ္တူမွာ ေဆာ့ဖ္ဝဲသုေသတနဌာနတစ္ခုကို ဖြင့္လွစ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ အဲဒီဌာနမွာ Nokia N ၇၅ ဖုန္းအမ်ိဳးအစားကို စမ္းသပ္တီထြင္လ်က္ရွိပါတယ္။ အဲဒီဖုန္းမွာပါရွိတဲ့ ကင္မရာနဲ႔ လိုခ်င္တဲ့ပစၥည္းတစ္မ်ိဳးကို ဓာတ္ပုံရုိက္လိုက္ရင္ အဲဒီပစၥည္းမ်ိဳးေရာင္းခ်ေနတဲ့ ဝက္ဘ္ဆိုက္ေတြနဲ႔ ခ်ိတ္ဆက္ေပးျပီး အနီးဆုံးဘယ္ဆိုင္မွာ ဝယ္ယူႏုိင္တယ္ဆိုတာ သိႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ ဒါ့အျပင္ AT & T Wireless စတိုးဆိုင္မွာ ျပသထားတဲ့ ပစၥည္းတစ္ခုခုကို ကင္မရာနဲ႔ခ်ိန္ျပီး ဝယ္ယူႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ ရုပ္ရွင္ပိုစတာတစ္ခုကို အဲဒီကင္မရာနဲ႔ ရိုက္ျပီး ရုပ္ရွင္မွာပါတဲ့ ေတးသီခ်င္းေတြကို နားေထာင္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့လအနည္းငယ္ကလည္း Nokia ကုမ္ပဏီဟာ ဒစ္ဂ်စ္တယ္ေျမပုံ သတင္းအခ်က္အလက္ေတြကို ဖန္တီးတဲ့ Navteq လုပ္ငန္းနဲ႔ဖက္စပ္လုပ္ကိုင္ဖို႔ အေမရိကန္ေဒၚလာ ၈. ၁ ဘီလိီယံရင္းႏွီးျမွပ္ႏွံခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ Nokia ဖုန္းေတြနဲ႔ ကမၻာ့အၾကီးဆုံးတည္ေနရာကို ရွာေဖြသိရွိႏုိင္တဲ့ကြန္ယက္ၾကီး Location Aware Network ကို အသုံးျပဳလာႏုိင္စရာရွိပါတယ္။ Navteq ရဲ႕ ကြန္ယက္ကို Yahoo, Google, Garmin နဲ႔ တျခားလုပ္ငန္းအမ်ားအျပားကလဲ အသုံးျပဳေနၾကပါတယ္။ ေလာေလာဆယ္ကမၻာမွာ အင္တာနက္အသုံးျပဳေနသူေပါင္း ၁.၂ ဘီလီယံခန္႔ရွိပါတယ္။ အဲဒီအေရအတြက္ေရာက္ေအာင္ ၁၂ ႏွစ္ၾကာၾကိဳးပမ္းခဲ့ၾကပါတယ္။ ေနာက္ထပ္အင္တာနက္အသုံးျပဳသူ တစ္ဘီလီယံတိုးပြားလာဖို႔ ခုႏွႏွစ္ေလာက္ပဲ ၾကာႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ တိုးပြားလာတဲ့ဦးေရအမ်ားအျပားဟာလည္း ဖြံ႕ျဖိဳးလာတဲ့ ေစ်းကြက္ၾကီးေတြထဲမွာပဲျဖစ္ႏုိင္ျပီး ေရွးဦးစြာ Nokia လိုမိုဘုိင္းဖုန္းမ်ိဳးေတြနဲ႔ အင္တာနက္ကို စတင္အသုံးျပဳလာဖို႔ရွိပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့ ႏွစ္ႏွစ္ေလာက္ကစျပီး Nokia ဟာ ဝက္ဘ္မီဒီယာ Web media ကုမ္ပဏီျဖစ္လာေအာင္ အေမရိကန္ေဒၚလာ ကိုးဘီလီယံသုံးစြဲျပီးလုပ္ကိုင္လာတာ ေတြ႔ရပါတယ္။ ဥပမာ-ဒစ္ဂ်စ္တယ္ေျမပုံ သတင္းအခ်က္အလက္လုပ္ငန္းျဖစ္တဲ့ Navteq ကိုဝယ္ယူခဲ့တာ ကမၻာ့အၾကီးဆုံးမိုဘိုင္းဖုန္းေၾကာ္ျငာ ေအဂ်င္စီလုပ္ငန္းၾကီးျဖစ္တဲ့ Enpocket ကို ထူေထာင္ထားတာ အင္တာနက္ဓာတ္ပုံနဲ႔ ဗီဒီယိုဖလွယ္တဲ့ လုပ္ငန္းျဖစ္တဲ့ Twango ကို ဝယ္ယူခဲ့တာေတြကို ေတြ႔ရွိရပါတယ္။ Credit Suisse သုေသတနလုပ္ငန္းနဲ႔ ခန္႔မွန္းခ်က္အရလာမယ့္ ငါးႏွစ္အတြင္း Nokia ဟာမိုဘုိင္ဖုန္းေျမပုံနဲ႔ ေတးသီခ်င္းေတြကို ေရာင္းခ်လို႔ရရွိတဲ့ဝင္ေငြဟာ အေမရိကန္ေဒၚလာ ႏွစ္ဘီလီယံအထိ ရရွိႏုိင္တယ္လို႔ဆိုႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္ဇန္နဝါရီလ ၁ ရက္ေန႔ကစျပီး Nokia ကုမ္ပဏီဟာ မိုဘိုင္းဖုန္းထုတ္လုပ္တဲ့ လုပ္ငန္းအျပင္ အင္တာနက္ဝန္ေဆာင္မႈ လုပ္ငန္းေပၚအေျခခံတဲ့ ဌာနအသစ္တစ္ခုကိုပါ တိုးခ်ဲ႕ဖြဲ႔စည္းျပီး လုပ္ကိုင္လာေနတာကို ေတြ႔ရေၾကာင္းပါခင္ဗ်ား။

အာရွသစ္ေတာအစိမ္းႏွင့္ ျဗိတိန္စီးပြားမုန္တိုင္းထန္ခ်ိန္

ေသဆုံးလုနီးပါးျဖစ္ေနေသာ အာရွေဒသ၏ သစ္ေတာမ်ားျပန္လည္ကယ္တင္ရန္ နည္းလမ္းမ်ားရွာေဖြၾကသည္။ မၾကာမီကာလတစ္ခုတြင္ သစ္ေတာသစ္မ်ား ရုတ္ခ်ည္း ရွင္သန္လာေတာ့မည္။ ၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္သည္ သစ္ပင္မ်ားကိုဖက္တြယ္ရင္းႏွင့္ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ခ်က္မ်ားျပည့္ဝေစဖို႔ ၾကိဳးပမ္းရမည့္ႏွစ္ျဖစ္သည္။ ကမၻာေပၚရွိအစိုးရ အားလုံးလိုလိုသည္ ၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ရာသီဥတုေဖာက္ျပန္မႈ ကာကြယ္ေရးအစီအမံျဖစ္ေသာ က်ိဳတိုသေဘာတူညီခ်က္ Kyoto Protocol ကုိ အေက်အလည္ေဆြးေႏြးၾကျပီး ယင္းသေဘာတူခ်က္ေနရာ၌ အျခားသေဘာတူညီခ်က္ အသစ္တစ္ခုႏွင့္ အစားထိုးရေတာ့မည္။ အဘယ့္ေၾကာင့္ဆိုေသာ္ က်ိဳတိုသေဘာတူညီခ်က္သည္ ၂၀၁၂ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ သက္တမ္းကုန္ဆုံးေတာ့မည္ျဖစ္သည္။

အေလးထားေဆြးေႏြးရမည့္ အေၾကာင္းအရာမ်ားမွာ သစ္ေတာျပဳန္းတီးမႈကို မည္သို႔ကာကြယ္မည္နည္းဆိုသည့္အခ်က္ျဖစ္ျပီး ယင္းအခ်က္သည္သာ က်ိဳတို သေဘာတူညီခ်က္၏ အခန္းက႑ကိုအစားထိုးႏုိင္မည္။ အျခားတစ္နည္းျဖစ္ေျပာရလွ်င္ ႏုိင္ငံတိုင္း၊ ကမၻာ့လူသားတိုင္းသည္ သစ္ေတာထိန္းသိမ္းေရးကို အေလးေပး ေဆာင္ရြက္လိုသည္ဟုဆိုပါက မလြဲမေသြအေကာင္ထည္ေဖာ္ရမည့္ တစ္ခုတည္းေသာ လုပ္ငန္းမွာ သစ္ေတာမ်ားခုတ္ပစ္ျခင္းကို မျပဳလုပ္ဖို႔ပင္ ျဖစ္သည္။ ကမၻာ့အပူပိုင္းသစ္ေတာမ်ားကို မညွာမတာခုတ္ထြင္လဲွခ်ေနျခင္းသည္ ကမၻာလုံးဆိုင္ရာ ကာဗြန္ဒိုင္ေအာက္ဆိုဒ္ထုတ္လုပ္ေနမႈ၏ ေလးပုံတစ္ပုံကို ျဖစ္ေစေနျခင္းပင္ျဖစ္သည္။ က်ိဳတိုသေဘာတူညီခ်က္၏ သန္႔စင္ေသာဖြံ႕ျဖိဳးတိုးတက္မႈ လုပ္ငန္းစဥ္ေအာက္၌ ခ်မ္းသာေသာႏုိင္ငံမ်ား၏ သဘာဝပတ္ဝန္းက်င္ကို ညစ္ႏြမ္းပ်က္စီးေစမည့္ စီမံကိန္းမွန္သမွ်ကို ျပင္ဆင္တားျမစ္ျပီး ဆင္းရဲေသာႏုိင္ငံမ်ား၏ ကာဘြန္ဒိုင္ေအာက္ဆိုဒ္ ဓာတ္ေငြ႔ထုတ္လုပ္မႈ ေလွ်ာ့ခ်ေရးတို႔ပါဝင္သည္သာမက သက္ဆိုင္ရာေဒသတိုင္း၌ သစ္ေတာသစ္ပင္မ်ားျပန္လည္ပ်ိဳးေထာင္ေရး စီမံကိန္းမ်ားလည္းပါဝင္သည္။ ယင္းစီမံကိန္း၌ ျဖစ္တည္ေနေသာ သဘာဝေပါက္ပင္သစ္ေတာမ်ားအား ထပ္မံခုတ္ထြင္ မပစ္ေရးမွာ အဓိကက်သည္။ အဘယ္ေၾကာင့္ဆိုေသာ္ ကာဘြန္ဒိုင္ေအာက္ဆိုဒ္ ဓာတ္ေငြ႔ေလွ်ာ့ခ်ေရးစီမံကိန္း၌ သစ္ေတာသည္ အဓိကေနရာမွ ပါဝင္ေန၍ျဖစ္သည္။ ႏုိင္ငံအေတာ္မ်ားမ်ား၌ ပ်က္စီးေနေသာသစ္ေတာအမ်ားအျပားရွိေနတတ္သည္။ ပမာအားျဖင့္ အင္ဒိုနီးရွားႏုိင္ငံထိုသို႔ေသာ သစ္ေတာမ်ားရွိသည့္အတြက္ ျပဳျပင္ရေတာ့မည္။ သို႔ေသာ္ သစ္ေတာမ်ားကို ထိန္းသိမ္းရန္အတြက္လည္း ေဒၚလာဘီလီယံေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ လိုအပ္သည္။

သစ္ေတာမ်ားျပဳန္းတီးမႈေလွ်ာ့ပါးသြားေစမည့္ လုပ္ငန္းစဥ္အတြက္ ကမၻာ့ဘဏ္သည္ ၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္မွစတင္၍ Forest Carbon Partnerships Facility စီမံကိန္းျဖင့္ US$ ၂၅၀ သန္းအသုံးျပဳသြားမည္ျဖစ္၏။ ယင္းစီမံကိန္းသည္ ႏုိင္ငံေပါင္း ၂၀ ရွိအပူပိုင္းသစ္ေတာမ်ားကို ထိန္းသိမ္းႏုိင္ျပီး ကာဘြန္ထုတ္လုပ္မႈကို ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ႏုိင္မည္ျဖစ္သည္။ တဆက္တည္းတြင္ ယင္းသစ္ေတာမ်ားကို ခုတ္လွဲျခင္းလည္း ျပဳလုပ္စရာမလိုေတာ့ေပ။ ယင္းစီမံကိန္းအတြက္ ၾကိဳတင္အစီအစဥ္ကို ခ်မွတ္ထားသည္။ သက္ဆိုင္ရာအစိုးရမ်ားသည္ ကမၻာ့ဘဏ္၏ ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ကို တု႔ံျပန္ျဖည့္ဆည္းေပးရမည့္ ကိစၥရပ္မွာ သစ္ေတာမ်ားခုတ္လဲွမႈရပ္တန္႔ပစ္လိုက္ျပီျဖစ္ေၾကာင္းတိုးတက္မႈ အစီရင္ခံရန္သာျဖစ္၏။ အထက္ပါအစီအစဥ္မ်ား၊ စီမံကိန္းမ်ားေအာင္ျမင္ေစရန္ အေကာင္ထည္ေဖာ္သည့္အေနႏွင့္ သစ္ပင္မ်ားအမွန္တကယ္ေလွ်ာ့ခ်ပစ္မွသာျဖစ္သည္။ ယင္းကိစၥရပ္ကလည္း ေရွာင္လႊဲ၍မရေပ။ မလႊဲမေသြလိုက္နာရမည္။ အင္ဒိုနီးရွားႏုိင္ငံ အာေခ်းေဒသရွိ သစ္ေတာမ်ားေလာေလာဆယ္၌ ျခိမ္းေျခာက္ခံေနရသည့္ ျဖစ္ရပ္တစ္ခုရွိသည္။ ယင္းေဒသမွလူအမ်ားက ခ်မ္းသာေသာႏုိင္ငံမ်ားကို ေတာင္းဆိုေနၾကေသာ " ေပးမလားေပးရင္သစ္ပင္ရမယ္" ဆိုသည့္စကားမွာ ႏုိင္ငံတကာကအကူအညီမေပးပါက သစ္ပင္မ်ားခုတ္လဲွပစ္မည္ဆိုသည့္ ျခိမ္းေျခာက္မႈဟုပင္ဆိုႏုိင္ပါ၏။

ပူေႏြးလာမႈ သက္သာေစရန္

ရာသီဥတုကၽြမ္းက်င္သူပညာရွင္မ်ားက ပူျပင္းလာမႈႏွင့္ ပူျပင္းေသာေလထုတစ္စတစ္စ တိုးတက္က်ယ္ျပန္႔လာျခင္းအေပၚ ေဆြးေႏြးခဲ့ၾကသည္။ သူတို႔၏ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္မွာ သစ္ေတာမ်ားဆက္လက္ရွင္သန္ေအာင္မည္သို႔ ကာကြယ္ၾကမည္နည္းသာျဖစ္၏။ အာရွပစိဖိတ္ေဒသတစ္ခြင္ရွိ စိုစြတ္ေသာအပူပိုင္းမိုးသစ္ေတာမ်ားႏွင့္ လူ႔ပေယာဂေၾကာင့္ ေျပာင္တလင္းခါေနေသာ တလင္းျပင္မ်ား၌ သစ္ေတာအသစ္မ်ား ျပန္လည္ပ်ိဳးေထာင္ထိန္းသိမ္းေရးလည္း ပါဝင္သည္။ ကုလသမဂၢ အစားအစာႏွင့္ စိုက္ပ်ိဳးေရးအဖြဲ႕ United Nations Food and Agriculture –FAO က အင္ဒိုနီးရွားႏုိင္ငံကို အၾကံျပဳထားသည္မွာ အင္ဒိုနီးရွားႏုိင္ငံတစ္ခုတည္းအေနႏွင့္ပင္ လာမည့္ႏွစ္၌ ႏွစ္ရာခိုင္ႏႈန္းအထိ ဆုံးရႈံးဖြယ္ရွိသည္ဆို၏။ ယင္းႏွစ္ရာခိုင္ႏႈန္းဆိုသည္မွာ စတုရန္းကီလိုမီတာ ၁၉၀၀၀ ျဖစ္ျပီး အေမရိကန္ႏုိင္ငံ ကြန္နက္တိကတ္ျပည္နယ္ ထက္ပင္ၾကီးေသာပမာဏျဖစ္၏။ အာရွေဒသရွိအခ်ိဳ႕ေသာႏုိင္ငံမ်ားသည္ သစ္ေတာမ်ားထိန္းသိမ္းေရးကို အေလးထားေလ့မရွိဘဲ ေလ်ာ့ရဲရဲသာျပဳလုပ္ေလ့ရွိသည္။ ထို႔ေၾကင့္လည္း သစ္ေတာမ်ားပ်က္ျပဳန္းမႈႏႈန္းထားျမင့္တက္ေနသည္။ ႏုိင္ငံအေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားသည္ သစ္ေတာထိန္းသိမ္းေရးအတြက္ ဥပေဒစည္းမ်ဥ္းစည္းကမ္းမ်ားကို အေလးတယူကန္႔သတ္ထားၾကသည္။ သို႔ေသာ္ ယင္းဥပေဒမ်ားသည္ စာရြက္ေပၚ၌သာရွိျပီး လက္ေတြ႔က်င့္သုံးျခင္းမျပဳၾကေပ။ ယင္းသို႔ေသာအျပဳအမူကို ဥပေဒအရ အေရးယူဖို႔အဆိုထားႏွင့္ တို႔ထိရန္ပင္လုပ္ခြင့္မရွိသည္အထိ ႏုိင္ငံေရးသမားမ်ားက အကာအကြယ္ေပးထားၾကသည္။ ဆိုလိုသည္မွာ ဥပေဒစည္းမ်ဥ္းဆိုသည္မွာ ေနာက္ကြယ္၌သာေရာက္ေနသည္။

သစ္ခုတ္သူမ်ားသည္ အလြန္တန္ဖိုးရွိေသာ သစ္မာပင္မ်ားကို လြယ္လင့္တကူပင္ ခုတ္လဲွပစ္ေလ့ရွိၾကသည္။ ယင္းအပင္ၾကီးမ်ားသည္ မီတာ ၅၀ အထက္ျမင့္မားသည့္အတြက္ အပင္ၾကီးမ်ားေအာက္၌ေပါက္ေရာက္ေနေသာ အပင္ငယ္မ်ား၊ ေတာတိရစၦာန္မ်ားကို အကာအကြယ္ေပးထားရာလည္းေရာက္သည္။ အဆိုပါအပင္ၾကီးမ်ား ခုတ္လဲွခံရသည့္အခါ အရိပ္အာဝါသမရွိေတာ့သည့္အတြက္ ေတာတိရစၦာန္မ်ားသည္ ထိုေနရာမွထြက္ခြာသြားရေတာ့သည္။ အပင္ငယ္မ်ားသည္လည္း ေျခာက္ေသြ႔၍ေသဆုံးကုန္ၾကသည္။ သစ္ခုတ္လဲွသူမ်ားက ထိုေနရာတြင္ သစ္ပင္ၾကီးမ်ားကိုသာ ခုတ္လဲွသည္မဟုတ္။ အၾကြင္းအက်န္သစ္ငုတ္တိုမ်ာကိုပါ မီးရႈိ႕ဖ်က္ဆီးပစ္ၾကသည္။ သစ္ပင္ၾကီးမ်ားမရွိေသာေၾကာင့္ ကာဘြန္ဒိုင္ေအာက္ဆိုဒ္ထိန္းသိမ္းမႈလည္း ပေပ်ာက္သြားသည္သာမက မီးရႈိ႕ပစ္လိုက္၍ ကာဘြန္ဒိုင္ေအာက္ဆိုဒ္ဓာတ္ေငြ႔အေျမာက္အမ်ားလည္း ထြက္လာခဲ့ရေတာ့သည္။ မီးခိုးေငြ႔မ်ားေပ်က္ကြယ္သြားသည္ႏွင့္ ေတာင္ယာစိုက္ပ်ိဳးမည့္သူမ်ားသည္ ေျပာင္တလင္းခါေနေသာ ထိုေနရာသို႔ေရာက္ရွိလာကာ စုိက္ပ်ိဳးမႈမ်ားျပဳလုပ္ၾကရေတာ့သည္။ သို႔ႏွင့္ပင္ေတာင္ယာမီးရႈိ႕မႈမ်ားေၾကာင့္ ႏွစ္စဥ္လိုလို မီးခိုး၊ ျမဴမႈန္မ်ားထြက္ကာ အေရွ႔ေတာင္အာရွေဒသ၌ မီးခိုးတိမ္တိုက္မ်ားဖုံးလႊမ္းသည့္ျဖစ္ရပ္ ျဖစ္ေပၚရျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။ ယင္းမီးခိုးတိမ္တိုက္မ်ားျဖစ္ေပၚျခင္းႏွင့္အတူ ယင္းသို႔မျဖစ္အာင္ထိန္းသိမ္းေစာင့္ေရွာက္မႈကလည္း ကင္းမဲ့လ်က္ရွိသည့္အတြက္ ႏွစ္စဥ္ႏွစ္လယ္ပိုင္းေျခာက္လဝန္းက်င္ကာလ၌ အင္ဒိုနီးရွားႏုိင္ငံ၏ မိုးေကာင္းကင္၌ မီးခိုးတိမ္တိုက္မ်ားျဖစ္ေပၚခဲ့သည္။ တိက်စြာဆိုရလွ်င္ ေျခာက္ေသြ႔ေသာရာသီဥတုကာလ၌ အေရွ႔ေတာင္အာရွမိုးေကာင္းကင္၌ ထိုသို႔ျဖစ္ေပၚေနသည္။ သို႔ေသာ္ယခုအခါထြက္ေပၚလာေသာ သတင္းမ်ားကမူ သတင္းဆိုးမဟုတ္ေတာ့ေပ။ FAO ၏ သုေသတနျပဳလုပ္မႈႏွင့္ အၾကံေပးထားခ်က္အရ အာရွပစိဖိတ္ေဒသတစ္ခုလုံး၌ ႏွစ္စဥ္သစ္ေတာဧရိယာဆုံးရႈံးမႈ စတုရန္းကီလိုမီတာ ၆၀၀၀ သာ ရွိေတာ့မည္ဆိုသည္။ ယင္းကိန္းဂဏန္းသည္ ၁၉၉၀ ခုႏွစ္မ်ားေနာက္ပိုင္း သစ္ေတာပ်က္ျပဳန္းမႈဧရိယာစတုရန္းကီလိုမီတာ ၁၃၀၀၀ဆိုေသာ ကိန္းဂဏန္းထက္ပိုေကာင္းလာျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။ ဆုံးရႈံးျခင္း အျဖစ္မွ သစ္ေတာမ်ားျပန္လည္၍ တည္ရွိလညျခင္းဟု ဆိုႏုိင္ပါ၏။

ယင္းသို႔ျဖစ္ရျခင္းမွာ ၁၉၉၈ ခုႏွစ္၌ အဆိုပါေဒသတလႊားတြင္ ေရလႊမ္းမိုးမႈမ်ားျဖစ္ခဲ့သည္ကို သက္ဆိုင္ရာအစုိးရမ်ားက သိရွိသေဘာေပါက္လာခဲ့ၾက၍ျဖစ္သည္။ ယင္းသို႔ေသာ ေရးလႊမ္းမိုးမႈကို ကာကြယ္ရန္သစ္ပင္မ်ားကသာ အဓိကေနရာမွပါဝင္သည္ကိုလည္း သေဘာေပါက္လာၾက၍ျဖစ္သည္။ အထူးသျဖင့္ ေရစီးျပင္းထန္လြန္းလွေသာ၊ ေရလႊမ္းမိုးမႈျဖစ္ေလ့ျဖစ္ထရွိေသာ ယန္စီ Yangzi ျမစ္ဝွမ္းေဒသျဖစ္စဥ္မ်ားအေပၚ သုံးသပ္မိၾက၍ ျဖစ္သည္။ ဗီယက္နမ္ႏွင့္ အိႏိၵယႏုိင္ငံတို႔သည္ ေရလႊမ္းမိုးမႈဒဏ္ အခံရဆုံးျဖစ္၍ သစ္ေတာမ်ားျပန္လည္စိုက္ပိ်ဳးေရးကို အလ်င္အျမန္ဆုံးနည္းလမ္းျဖင့္ ၾကိဳးပမ္းေနၾကသည္။ ထိုႏုိင္ငံမ်ားတြင္လည္း အင္ဒိုနီးရွားႏုိင္ငံကဲ့သို႔ပင္ တစ္ခ်ိန္က သစ္ေတာမ်ားက ထူထပ္စြာ ရွိခဲ့ဖူးသည္။

ဝန္ခံခ်က္.......ဤေဆာင္းပါးကို ေစ်းကြက္ဆိုဒ္မွကူးယူေဖာ္ျပပါသည္။။။။

Venezuela confirms death of Colombian drug lord

CARACAS, Feb. 1 (Xinhua) -- The death of Colombian drug trafficker Wilber Varela in Venezuela was confirmed on Friday by the Venezuela's National Anti Drugs Organization's director Nestor Luis Reverol.

"It has been reliably determined that he is drug trafficker Wilber Varela. Thirty-two coinciding characteristics have been verified," said Reverol.

On Wednesday, a person was found shot to death with seven bullet holes in a beach resort hut of Lomas de Los Angeles sector in Venezuelan city of Merida, and his fingerprints, among other characteristics, matched those of Wilber Varela, said Reverol.

Varela, alias "Jabona" (Soap), was one of Colombia's most notorious drug trafficker on the run and was sought by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency. He was allegedly one of the main chiefs of the Norte del Valle drug cartel.

The United States accuses this illicit drug trafficking organization of being responsible for 70 percent of the cocaine sent from Colombia to the United States and had offered a five million-U.S. dollar reward for capturing Varela

Colombian media had announced on Thursday the death of Varela and his bodyguard. Reverol said that Varela's corpse will be formally handed over to Colombian officials.

20 killed in bus blast in Sri Lanka

Sri Lankan volunteers help a woman who survived a bomb blast inside a crowded bus on Feb. 2, 2008 in the north-central town of Dambulla. (Xinhua/AFP Photo)

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COLOMBO, Feb. 2 (Xinhua) -- At least 20 civilians were killed and over 50 others injured in a powerful bomb explosion that hit a private bus in Sri Lanka's Central Province early Saturday morning, and the military said Tamil Tiger rebels were behind the blast.

Military Spokesman Udaya Nanayakkara said the bus was plying from Kandy to Anuradhapura when it was caught in the explosion at Dambulla, about 150 km northeast of Colombo around 7 a.m. (0130 GMT).

"The majority of those passengers in the ill-fated bus were traveling to the city of Anuradhapura to attend a religious function," said Nanayakkara.

"Unable to face military pressure in the north, the LTTE (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam) is targeting civilians in other areas," the spokesman added.

He said the LTTE is intensifying its terrorist activities as Sri Lanka prepares to celebrate its 60th Independence Day next Monday.

Nanayakkara said the police and the army have evacuated the injured to local hospitals for treatment.

This was the third bus targeted after a six-year truce between the government and the LTTE was scrapped on Jan. 16.

Intensive military conflicts are underway in the north, with the government determining to defeat the LTTE before the end of this year.

The military said more than 600 people have been killed in the escalating conflict since the Norwegian-brokered truce formally ended.

The LTTE has been fighting for a separate homeland for minority Tamils in the north and east for more than two decades, resulting in the death of more than 70,000 people.

Related:

	Rebel bunkers destroyed in northern Sri Lanka
	39 killed in Sri Lanka fighting
	Sri Lanka gov't not pursuing military solution to conflict
	Sri Lanka to hold second line-up on legislator slaying
	Violence escalates in Sri Lanka as truce terminates

73 killed in coordinated bomb blasts in Iraq

Special Report: Iraq in Transition

In Iraq 73 people have been killed in explosions in the capital Baghdad. Officials and Police say the remote-controlled bombs were strapped to two mentally retarded women.

An Iraqi soldier secures the site of a suicide attack in Baghdad's Al-Ghazl market.(Xinhua/AFP Photo)

The coordinated attack targeted the city's pet bazaars and is the deadliest since the US sent thirty-thousand extra troops to the region.

According to Iraq's chief military spokesman in Baghdad, Brigadier General Qassim al-Moussawi, the explosives were strapped to two women with Down Syndrome.

They were detonated by remote control indicating the women may not have been willing attackers in what could be a new way for suspected Sunni insurgents to undermine stepped up security measures.

The first attack on Friday occurred in the central market, killing at least 46 people and wounding 100 others.

The weekly bazaar has been bombed several times since the US led invasion of Iraq, and has recently re-emerged as a popular place to shop, with improvements in security.

About twenty minutes later, the second bomb went off, this time in a bird market, in a predominantly Shiite area of the city, killing as many as 27 people and wounding 67.

One witness says the woman was selling birds, then blew herself up as people gathered around to look.

306,000 soldiers mobilized to combat snow disasters

Special Report: China's war on snow havoc


Rescue materials are ready to be loaded to aerotransport at an airport in Changzhi, north China's Shanxi Province, Feb. 1, 2008. A mass of rescue materials including overcoats and bedquilts had been transported to snow disaster area by air force transporters since Jan. 31.(Xinhua Photo/Yao Lin)

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BEIJING, Feb. 2 (Xinhua) -- As of midnight Friday, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China had deployed 306,000 soldiers to combat the effects of the snow in the southern parts of the country, a military source said.

About 1.07 million militia and army reservists were participating in the weather relief effort, the PLA's emergency response group told Xinhua.

The PLA currently has 2.3 million troops.

Irregular tactics, including shooting power lines with submachine guns to shatter the ice, and resorting to tanks to crush ice on the road, were used frequently by soldiers.

Military vehicles such as field kitchen trucks and armored cars played an important role in de-icing and rescue missions. More than 100 aircraft and helicopters remained on standby, air force sources said.

Two AN-26 transport planes flew to the southwestern province of Guizhou in the early hours of Saturday, carrying 5.5 tons of relief material and equipment including food, medicine and quilts.

By 1:33 p.m. on Saturday, the first of six helicopters loaded with relief goods, deployed by the Chengdu Military Area in southwest China, flew to Yibin, Sichuan Province. The copters were to airdrop 5,500 quilts over snow-hit areas in Dazhou and Yibin's Changning County, which on top of the snow was hit by a medium-intensity earthquake early on Friday.

In the southern city of Guangzhou, about 1,500 soldiers helped maintain order at the train station.

Soldiers of the Hubei Military Area in central China helped local police to restore a 28-km section of the Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, the country's key north-south trunk road, which had been closed by dangerous icing. Those efforts helped more than 6,000 vehicles and 12,000 stranded riders continue their journeys.

Soldiers of Chinese People's Liberation Army load rescue materials on aerotransport at an airport in Changzhi, north China's Shanxi Province, Feb. 1, 2008. A mass of rescue materials including overcoats and bedquilts had been transported to snow disaster area by air force transporters since Jan. 31. (Xinhua Photo/Yao Lin) Photo Gallery>>>

The snow, the heaviest in decades in many places, has been falling in China's eastern, central and southern regions for more than a fortnight. It has caused deaths, structural collapses, blackouts, accidents, transport problems and livestock and crop destruction.

"PLA headquarters and relevant military districts have had tanks and armored cars on standby and they can be put to use to break ice on the roads at the request of local governments," said Senior Colonel Tian Yixiang of the emergency response group.

"Whenever there is a disaster, the military is obliged to take part in the relief work," Tian said. "This is an obligation required by the Constitution and the laws. When manpower is needed, we send our men. When goods are needed, we offer our goods," he said.

Winter clothes and other disaster-relief stuff are boarded onto a jet plane of the Chinese air forces in Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, before they are transported to snowstorm-affected regions in Southwest China's Guizhou Province, Jan. 31, 2008.(Xinhua Photo)

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Microsoft offers US$45 bln for Yahoo

Microsoft has offered to buy Yahoo in a bid to challenge the market share of Google's on-line search business. Microsoft made an unsolicited offer to buy Yahoo for 44.6 billion US dollars in cash and stock. The merger would be the biggest internet deal since AOL's acquisition of Time Warner.

With the bid, Microsoft is seeking to join forces with Yahoo against an ever more powerful Google. Google's share of the global web search market has reached 77 percent, according to Internet audience researcher comScore. Yahoo is second with 16 percent, and Microsoft is a distant third with 3.7 percent.

software giant Microsoft Corp CEO Steve Ballmer is seen here during a press conference in Beijing, in 2006. Microsoft unveiled a hostile bid of 44.6 billion dollars for Yahoo in an effort to merge the world's biggest software company with a major Internet player to take on the Google juggernaut, onFebruary 1.(AFP/File)

In an audio webcast, Microsoft Chief Executive Steve Ballmer said the acquisition was the right move for both companies.

Steve Ballmer, CEO of Microsoft said "This is a decision we thought, and I personally thought long and hard about. And we are very, very confident that it's the right path for Microsoft and for Yahoo."

Yahoo said on Friday its board will evaluate the unsolicited bid. Yahoo has been losing market share to Google in the increasingly strategic web search market. It warned earlier this week that it faced "headwinds" in 2008, forecasting revenue below Wall Street estimates.

Microsoft's move is clearly aimed at challenging its archival, Google, which dominates the online search market. Bobby Tulsiani, a media and internet video analyst, says Microsoft is making the move because it has been unsuccessful in luring users to its site, MSN.

Bobby Tulsiani, Analyst of Jupiter Research said "They have been a laggard in search, so this is a good way to catch up. Yahoo has 20 percent search, Google has 50 percent search. Combine Microsoft, plus Yahoo and you get closer to catching up to Google. If you can't find the audience, then go buy the audience, and that's the major reason. There's a lot of other things now with Microsoft and Yahoo becoming the biggest e-mail provider, the biggest instant messenger, but primarily, this is about search."

In Brussels, Catriona Hatton, a partner at international law firm Hogan and Hartson, said the European Union anti-trust regulators will be looking carefully at the bid. Especially after Microsoft was accused of breaking competition rules in a landmark ruling by the European Court of Justice in September 2007.

Catriona Hatton, Partner of Hogan & Hartson said "I suppose the question is whether if the U.S. agencies approve this deal, whether the Commission will go the same route and if the U.S. agencies impose remedies,whether the Commission will accept the same sort of remedies or whether they will be more stringent in their review of the deal."

Microsoft offered 31 US dollars per share for Yahoo -- a 62 percent premium over the internet media company's closing stock price on Nasdaq Thursday. Yahoo's shares jumped to 30.75 US dollars in pre-market trading. And Microsoft's shares, which have a market capitalization of about 300 billion US dollars, fell 6 percent to 30.78 US dollars.

Critics of a potential merger have pointed out that Microsoft and Yahoo have very different corporate cultures and many overlapping businesses, from instant messaging to email and advertising.

The deal would be the largest in the internet market since the 182 billion US dollar purchase of Time Warner by AOL in 2001. That merger was seen as the worst marriage in recent corporate history, with clashing corporate cultures and many of the promised synergies never materializing.